Judah had a king in the lineage of Jesus named Jotham. He was the 11th king of the nation of Judah, the grandfather of King Hezekiah. Jotham was considered a good king. Indeed, the meaning of the name Jotham is “YHWH is perfect” or “YHWH is complete.” Perfect and complete are synonyms.
Please read Judges 9:7-15 and Matthew 25:31-34
Just like with people named Mary and Joseph, there is more than one person named Jotham in the Bible. The other Jotham lived 300 years before King Jotham. We know that YHWH doesn’t change His mind, but Judges clearly states the Nation of Israel would have been better off to stay under the guidance of the judges rather than the more authoritarian. . . well. . . authority of kings. And even though some of the human kings seemed perfect, even kings like King Jotham and King Josiah could not have been perfect. Only King Jesus is perfect and His is the only perfect Kingdom. While spiritually those who follow Him already live in His kingdom, one day everyone will reside in every way in this perfect kingdom under the rule of King Jesus.
Throughout the time of the judges, just like with the time of the kings, the nation of Israel did not serve YHWH faithfully. This is why He placed judges over them.
The period of the Judges was marked by a cycle of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance for the Israelites. After the death of Judge Deborah, the Israelites again turned away from God, leading to their subjugation by the Midianites. The Midianites, along with the Amalekites and other eastern peoples, would invade Israel, destroying crops and livestock, leaving the Israelites impoverished and desperate.
Under the leadership of Judge Gideon, the Midianites were defeated. In the aftermath of their victory, the Israelites asked Gideon to rule over them, but in Judges chapter 8, verse 23, he replied “I will not rule over you, nor will my son. The LORD shall rule over you.”
Despite these faithful-sounding words, Gideon requested the spoils of war be made into an ephod. Gideon’s downfall is intricately linked to the creation of the ephod and the subsequent idolatry it incited. An ephod, intended perhaps as a memorial or a symbol of victory, became a focal point of false worship. This incident underscores the danger of allowing even well-intentioned symbols to replace genuine worship of God.
Although Gideon had been a faithful servant of God, his actions after the victory over Midian revealed a lapse in judgment. In addition, we know he had 70 children (Judges 8:30), a detail which indicates he had more than one wife. In fact, he had many wives and concubines. There’s another strike against him.
Gideon also had a problem with doubting the Word of the Lord. He is the one who “laid his fleece before the Lord” as described in Judges 6:37-40; this was after had had already tested YHWH as described in verses 17-32.
Jotham lived around 1000 before Jesus arrived as the final and eternal King of Israel. I was unable to find a simple chart indicating which judges were “good” and which were “bad.” Here is a chart listing the judges:
Feel free to use this as a study guide the next time your reading takes you to this part of the Bible.
Jotham, himself, was not a judge; his brother Abimelech inherited this duty. Abimelech is another common name in the Bible, probably because it is a cognomen, or a formal nickname bestowed upon people of influence.
Abimelech was the son of one of Gideon’s concubines, and he did not worship YHWH; rather, he worshiped the god Berith. He took it upon himself to declare himself king. Abimelech, in fact, rather than Saul, was the first king of Israel. The other followers of Berith supported his declaration, made him their king, and paid him 70 pieces of silver from the treasuries of Baalberith. Abimelech used that money to hire assassins to kill 68 of his brothers. Only Jotham was able to escape this fate.
Jotham’s ministry was to speak the story of the 4 talking trees to the men of Shechem, the followers and enablers of King Abimelech. This is the only act Jotham is recorded as doing in the Bible, and it is an important one.
The first talking tree was an olive tree. The use of olive oil in the Bible spans from the Old Testament to the New Testament, serving various religious, cultural, and practical purposes. It is often associated with anointing, healing, consecration, and as a symbol of the Holy Spirit.
The second was a fig tree. Fig trees also figure prominently in the Word of God. Their first use was to provide covering for the newly aware-of-good-and-evil Adam and Eve. Later they were used by Jesus in the last week of his earthly ministry to work a miracle. In the Old Testament, the fig tree often symbolizes prosperity and peace. In 1 Kings 4:25, during Solomon’s reign, “Judah and Israel lived in safety, every man under his own vine and fig tree, from Dan to Beersheba, all the days of Solomon.” This imagery conveys a time of security and abundance.
The third tree was the grapevine. The grapevine is frequently used as a metaphor in both the Old and New Testaments. In John 15:5, Jesus states, “I am the vine; you are the branches. Whoever abides in me and I in them bears much fruit, because apart from me you can do nothing.” Here, the grapevine illustrates the essential relationship between Christ and His followers. Just as branches need the vine to thrive, believers need to remain connected to Christ to bear spiritual fruit. If olive oil represented the Holy Spirit, how much more clearly does the grapevine represent Christ.
Lastly, we have the thornbush, in some translations called the bramble. If you’ve ever been out west, you may have seen something called a tumbleweed. That’s how I picture this tree.
What is its Biblical significance?
Brambles lack the nutrients and sustenance that a fruitful vine provides, leading to a decline in physical and spiritual nourishment.
Brambles hinder personal growth and development, preventing one from reaching their full potential.
The thorns of the bramble cause pain and suffering, symbolizing the hardships and difficulties that arise from choosing the wrong path.
Choosing the bramble over a fruitful vine means missing out on the abundance and blessings that come from aligning oneself with the divine purpose.
By choosing the bramble, one distances themself from the divine Presence and the guidance it offers, leading to a sense of disconnection and spiritual emptiness.
Abimelech was the only one of the judges to elevate himself to the status of king. Clearly, he was the thornbush, bramble, or tumbleweed who spoke in Jotham’s parable.
The thornbush gave this warning to the other trees (the citizens of Shechem) in verse 15, “If you really are anointing me as king over you, come and find refuge in my shade. But if not, may fire come out of the thornbush and consume the cedars of Lebanon.“
Maybe you’ve never been out west. But you’ve probably seen a tumbleweed in an old western on TV. How much shade do they provide?
Although it didn’t happen right away, after Abimelech reigned three years, in verse 23 of chapter 9, we find that “God sent a spirit of animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem and caused them to treat Abimelech deceitfully.” War ensued.
Ultimately, the leaders of Shechem sought shelter from Abimelech in the inner chamber of the temple of El-Berith. Abimelech and those who were still loyal to him gathered branches, set them afire, and killed the thousand people who were inside the temple. Not long after, Abimelech was killed by a woman in a neighboring city.
Why did YHWH choose to record the words of the talking trees in the Book He knew would be used for instruction for thousands of years?
Do you align yourself with the grapevine representing Jesus, the olive tree representing the Holy Spirit, and the fig tree which, providing clothing and food for His people, might represent YHWH?
Of, do you seek to rule your own life?
By the way, as we saw in the story of Abimelech, it really is not possible to rule your own life. In truth, it is ruled either by YHWH or satan.
My eldest granddaughter was baptized last summer after attending a conference with her youth group. Yet, at 12 years old, she more often than not chooses to follow her own desires within the parameters set by her parents. Like all humans in our frailty, her first choice is to make herself king of her life. She stayed all night on Friday, and just before she left Saturday morning, I very seriously reminded her of her commitment to Christ, the fact that I probably wouldn’t be around for her entire life, and that I wanted to see her in Heaven someday. To my knowledge, YHWH has not given me any parables of warning, so this is the best I can do.
What about you? Are you looking forward to seeing those who have gone before you in Heaven? Are you living your life here like the olive tree, the fig tree, and the grapevine?














